An overview on the evaluated video retrieval tasks at TRECVID 2022

The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) is a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation with the goal of promoting progress in research and development of content-based exploitation and retrieval of information from digital video via open, tasks-based evaluation supported by metrology. Over the last twenty-one years this effort has yielded a better understanding of how systems can effectively accomplish such processing and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID has been funded by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and other US government agencies. In addition, many organizations and individuals worldwide contribute significant time and effort. TRECVID 2022 planned for the following six tasks: Ad-hoc video search, Video to text captioning, Disaster scene description and indexing, Activity in extended videos, deep video understanding, and movie summarization. In total, 35 teams from various research organizations worldwide signed up to join the evaluation campaign this year. This paper introduces the tasks, datasets used, evaluation frameworks and metrics, as well as a high-level results overview.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2104.13473, arXiv:2009.0998

TRECVID 2018: Benchmarking Video Activity Detection, Video Captioning and Matching, Video Storytelling Linking and Video Search

International audienc

Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated CO2 and O3 in a Nitrogen-Aggrading Agroecosystem

Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis, which states that CO2- or O3-induced changes in carbon (C) availability dominate microbial responses, is primarily based on results from nitrogen (N)-limiting forests and grasslands. It remains largely unexplored how soil microbes respond to elevated CO2 and O3 in N-rich or N-aggrading systems, which severely hinders our ability to predict the long-term soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. Using a long-term field study conducted in a no-till wheat-soybean rotation system with open-top chambers, we showed that elevated CO2 but not O3 had a potent influence on soil microbes. Elevated CO2 (1.5×ambient) significantly increased, while O3 (1.4×ambient) reduced, aboveground (and presumably belowground) plant residue C and N inputs to soil. However, only elevated CO2 significantly affected soil microbial biomass, activities (namely heterotrophic respiration) and community composition. The enhancement of microbial biomass and activities by elevated CO2 largely occurred in the third and fourth years of the experiment and coincided with increased soil N availability, likely due to CO2-stimulation of symbiotic N2 fixation in soybean. Fungal biomass and the fungi∶bacteria ratio decreased under both ambient and elevated CO2 by the third year and also coincided with increased soil N availability; but they were significantly higher under elevated than ambient CO2. These results suggest that more attention should be directed towards assessing the impact of N availability on microbial activities and decomposition in projections of soil organic C balance in N-rich systems under future CO2 scenarios

Addition of 7 Days of Zidovudine Plus Lamivudine to Peripartum Single-Dose Nevirapine Effectively Reduces Nevirapine Resistance Postpartum in HIV-Infected Mothers in Malawi

We assessed whether 7 days of zidovudine+lamivudine postpartum with single-dose nevirapine at labor decreases nevirapine resistance in HIV-infected women in Malawi

Maternal and Breastmilk Viral Load: Impacts of Adherence on Peripartum HIV Infections Averted—The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition Study

Antiretroviral interventions are used to reduce HIV viral replication and prevent mother-to-child transmission. Viral suppression relies on adherence to antiretrovirals

CSR-IV HUB3

This set of CD-ROMs contains all of the speech data provided to sites participating in the DARPA CSR November 1995 HUB3 Multi-Microphone tests. The data consists of digitized waveforms collected with eight different microphones simultaneously from 40 subjects reading 15 sentence articles drawn from various North American business news publications. The data is partitioned into development-test and evaluation-test sets. The test sets were collected with different subjects, prompts and microphones. No training data was collected for this corpus since a substantial amount of NAB acoustic training data was already available. Index files have been included that specify the exact subset of the evaluation test recordings which were used in the November 1995 tests. The software NIST used to process and score the output of the tests systems is also included. The data is organized as follows: CD26-3 Development-Test Data-Location 1, Adaptation and NAB recordings, Subjects:703-705, 707-70a, 70c, 70f, 70g CD26-4 Development-Test Data-Location 2, NAB recordings, Subjects:70k, 70m, 70o, 70q-70s, 70u-70w CD26-5 Development-Test Data-Location 2, Adaptation recordings, Subjects:70k 70m-70o, 70q-70s, 70u-70w CD26-3 Development-Test Data-NAB recordings, Subjects:710-71j As of September, 2007 this publication has been condensed to fit on a single DVD. The data on each CD resides in its own directory labeled with the above NIST labels

Recent improvements to the ATLAS architecture

We examine the recent improvements that were made to the ATLAS (Architecture and Tools for Linguistic Analysis Systems) architecture. We first introduce the architecture and the historical context for this work. Next, we describe NIST’s initial implementation of the framework before analyzing it. We then focus on three important improvements (relating to multi-dimensional signals, hierarchical structures and validation) we have made to the architecture to make it more usable. We conclude by summarizing the major points covered and discuss plans for future work